The Word 'Bellydance' as we know it, was adopted into our Western culture. It is now the 'umbrella' term for different styles, techniques, & expressions, as well as describing certain isolated movements of the abdomen. It was originally known as "Baladi/Beledi Dance", which literally means "People Dance" in Arabic.
"Raqs-al-Baladi" means "Dance of the People or 'Folk' dance". It's also known as"Raqs-al-Sharqi","Dance of the East, Oriental Dance, or Dance Orientalle." In the 19th Century, the orientalist age, travelers from France to the Middle East deemed such dance as 'danse de ventre' or 'dance of the belly'. In Greece it's known as Tsifte-Telli, & Chifte-telli is a Turkish rhythmn.
There are both traditional & modern styles of Bellydance. As the dance grows, new styles emerge.
Here are few Well-knowns:
Modern Cabaret: Have small & very
controlled, elegant
moves. ('less is more')
Turkish Cabaret: Improvised, big,
earthy moves. ('anything goes' attitude)
Beledi: "Dance of the People",of the
Egyptian Countryside. Folky, earthy, use of props (canes, baskets, jugs)
Gypsy: The Gypsies from India who
went to the Middle East & Europe brought their dances w/ them.
Improvised, earthy, often lively, &
Inspirational.
Fusion: Any array of styles (even other dance forms) 'fused' together.
Tribal: A unique style w/ lead & follow
aspects & incorporation other
dance styles. (eg: goth)
Burlesque: a little more sexy, ok, alot
more sexy.
Tahtib: A dance for the men: simulatin martial arts or combat-type moves. Use of canes, swords, etc.